Introduction
Everything is being Reset… How things unfold from here is up to us.
Below is a list of resources curated by the Reset Reading Group and guest curator, Godfrey Moase. The Reset Reading Group was run by The Commons Library and guest curators. Triggered by the Covid-19 crisis it was an opportunity to reset, develop shared ideas and visions for a just future together. It ran from April – July 2020. The readings from different curators are still available for you to read. To see other readings see the Reset collection.
A New Economy: Thoughts from Godfrey Moase
The co-operative factories run by workers themselves are, within the old form, the first examples of the emergence of a new form… – Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 3 (Penguin, 1981), 571
For Aristotle, the term “economy” referred to household management and what a household needed to lead a good life. While there are many racist, sexist and classist notions imbued in Aristotle’s ideal of the good life (including who was part of the household, what position they had within it and therefore got to enjoy the good life) keeping the human-to-human relational scale in mind is important when thinking about The Economy™.
The economy is not a thing out there removed from people. It is not the latest figures from the All Ordinaries or the Dow Jones. It’s not a set of figures released by the ABS. It’s not a bunch of complex mathematical formulas that only special experts can understand. The economy is a term for how people relate to each other and the world around them in order to support a full and meaningful life. This wider view is a start towards giving due recognition to all the work that goes into supporting and recreating human life outside of traditional workplaces in households and communities.
The old economy, that is the capitalist system, relies on both expropriation and exploitation to extract profit for the owners of capital. Expropriation in this instance refers to the many ways capital takes or steals things in order to make a profit — from the unpaid labour of supporting households, stealing land from its traditional owners through to dumping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. For a powerful, far-reaching and straightforward account of capitalist appropriation through history, I would recommend reading Raj Patel and Jason W. Moore’s A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things.
While a new economy will have to remedy both expropriation and exploitation (and it’s important to recognise that there is not a fixed border between the two, exploitation can often degrade into outright expropriation), it is how work can be done differently where I have some relevant experience to share.
As a unionist with over 15 years in the labour movement I have far more personal experience in the realm of work, that is exploitation — the specific relation of capital employing labour in order to make a profit. I have witnessed the many ways in which the wage relationship can stunt the development of a person’s full potential and eventually exhaust them physically and mentally. From a manager who doesn’t listen to the ideas of employees to a 50-something manual labourer who is sacked because their shoulder is permanently damaged from working for that company, exploitation comes from the act of treating labour as a commodity. People at work become objects to be instructed, manipulated and finally thrown-away.
It does not have to be this way. Instead of capital employing labour, labour can employ capital. Rather than running workplaces on a one dollar, one vote basis decisions can be made through a one worker, one vote system.
Democracy itself is intrinsically bound up within the microeconomics of a new system. A true democracy is one that does not stop at the factory gates or the office doors. There is even space for worker cooperatives and unions to work together as the institutional bricks and mortar that help people build a new economy together. Unions will be critical to ensure workers do not replace the abstract rule of capital with the entrenchment of a managerial-class. In this sense, the separation of powers is a principle just as relevant to economic democracy as political democracy.
This week’s discussion starter, Naomi Klein and Avi Lewis’s 2004 documentary The Take explores not only the struggle it took for Argentinian workers to take control of their own factories and workplaces in the early 2000s but how daily acts of democratic ownership and management changed both the workers and their communities.
New ways of working and cooperating together unlock new capacities and opportunities for people to fully reach their potential and live a good life. I remember when Ingham’s Chicken closed a turkey factory in McLaren Vale 6 weeks before Christmas a few years back. The workers got together and decided to do more than just accept redundancy payments, they got together with local farmers and decided to try and take over the factory. I saw one union member go from being a turkey boner, doing the same tasks day in and day out, to becoming the project officer arranging meetings, sorting out distributors and customers.
A new economy will thrive when people have the chance to really flourish at work.
While the poultry cooperative push went from just an idea to a feasible venture it unfortunately never became operation. In the struggle for a new economy there is no failure if the struggle continues. Each effort, each campaign, each act of activism is like a water drop hitting a stone for eventually the water will break through.
It was this experience that led me to work together with some comrades across the labour and climate movements to co-found Cooperative Power, a cooperative providing retail electricity as a way to create a more fertile ecosystem in which to grow more worker and community cooperatives.
The readings below explore some of the ways in which the old economy is in crisis, how cooperatives and new forms of non-exploitative work can both address these crises and build a new economy, and the ways in which cooperatives are working in the world today as prefigurative examples of a new world emerging from an old.
Main discussion-starter: The Take
In this 2004 documentary, Avi Lewis and Naomi Klein explore the fabrica ocupada movement in Argentina in the wake of that country’s financial collapse in 2001. Workers took over and ran almost 200 factories across Argentina themselves. Today it’s up to over 400 enterprises. Nearly 20 years on from these events, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, how workers responded to deep recession and collectively took matters into their own hands is more relevant than ever before. We are all Argentina now.
They are afraid of us because we have shown that if we can manage a factory we can also manage a country. – Celia Martinez, Brukman cooperative worker, Argentina 2003
Further resources
The cooperative solution to stagnant wages
In this short essay Godfrey Moase explores how the cooperative model stacks up against conventional corporations and roles cooperatives can play in building a more equal and prosperous country. Read The Cooperative Solution to Stagnant Wages.
Get Mutual
The Get Mutual website is an online toolbox for any person or group of people who would like to start a cooperative or help existing cooperatives to grow. Explore Get Mutual.
What do we really know about worker cooperatives?
Professor Virginie Pérotin of Leeds University Business School reviews two decades of international data on worker cooperatives finding and the results are remarkable. Pérotin finds that worker cooperatives are higher performing and more productive than convention corporations. Employee ownership and control produces more resilient and innovative enterprises. Read What do we really know about worker cooperatives?
Take Back the Economy
Take Back the Economy: an ethical guide for transforming our communities is a textbook for action by J.K. Gibson-Graham, Jenny Cameron and Stephen Healy which helps people to build a new economy in communities and the wider world around us. Read the introduction to Take Back the Economy and explore the resources on the Community Economies site.
Want more?
- Automation and the future of work – In this long-essay published in New Left Review, Aaron Benanav explores the consequences of a forty year trend of declining global growth rates and the impact this has had on deindustrialisation, declining rates of productivity improvements, lower rates of investment and how this has produced growing rates of underemployment globally that is otherwise experienced by many in OECD countries as insecure work. While this essay does not deal with cooperatives directly, growing stagnation in wage labour relations undercuts the ability of billions of people to lead a good life.
- Tonight we riot? What Nintendo’s ‘revolutionary’ video game misses about worker liberation – This article by Dan Musil, Katherine Gibson, Marcelo Vieta and Stephen Healy provides a succinct overview of cooperative principles, the role of building cooperatives in an economic crisis, and the state of worker cooperatives in Australia today.
- The Collapse of Complex Societies – No system lasts forever especially complex ones such as capitalism. This book by Joseph Tainter, who is by no means a revolutionary, brings Rosa Luxemburg’s claim that society must choose between socialism or barbarism into sharp relief.
Prompts for discussion
- Opening activity: Think of your current workplace or the last workplace where you worked, how would it be different if it was run by workers? Alternatively, think of an institution you have had some involvement in, such as a school or hospital, how would it be different if it was run by workers?
- What opportunities and threats does the pandemic present to building a new economy?
- What obstacles are in place to building worker co-operatives, and how might such obstacles be overcome? Thinking of The Take, what conditions or policies do you think would need to be in place to assist people to build cooperative workplaces?
- Who in the group has read or watched further resources? Share particular insights from each resource with others in the group.
- Action: What steps can/will you take to grow the worker cooperative movement?
About Godfrey Moase, Reset 4 curator
Godfrey Moase is an Executive Director at the United Workers Union. UWU has over 150,000 members across more than 45 industries including horticultural laborers, logistics workers, manufacturing workers, entertainment, hospitality and tourism workers, cleaners, and many others. The union has a bold agenda to reconceptualise the economy, nationalize essential industries and hand workers democratic control over decision-making. Godfrey has so far not successfully started a new economy but has given it a good crack on picket lines, pavements and at parliaments. He’s written for Overland, Jacobin, New Matilda, the Guardian and the Griffith Review on poverty, housing, Universal Basic Income, workplace organising and the future of the union movement.
Related readings in The Commons Library
- Framing the economy: How to win the case for a better system
- What the US can learn from Scandinavia in the struggle against inequality
- Lessons that can be learnt from dockworkers who helped bring apartheid to its knees
- Framing the Role of Government and the Economy
- When debt doesn’t matter: Spending to build an economy for the people
- A Critical Framework for Just Recovery