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Disruptive Protest Tactics: Helpful or Harmful?
Research examining whether disruptive protest tactics are ultimately helpful or harmful for advancing progress on critical social issues
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Outrage Management in Israel-Palestine
Understand outrage management and the backfire model in this article by Brian Martin who uses the Israel-Palestine conflict as a case study.
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Harnessing Our Power to End (HOPE) Political Violence
The HOPE guide is designed to help people counter political violence. It aims to empower individuals and strengthen communities to make political violence backfire against those who incite, threaten, and enact it.
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Violence and the Backfire Effect
There are ways that social movements and organizers can handle violence to their advantage and why violence can backfire.
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Backfire Manual: Tactics Against Injustice
A practical handbook and model for activists to be more effective when facing injustice and powerful, dangerous opponents.
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